Poliglosity | 5 Cómo decir las fechas en inglés[Avanzado]

5. Cómo decir las fechas en inglés

Gramática

Avanzado

1. Formatos de fechas en inglés

1.1 Fechas en inglés americano (US)

En el formato estadounidense, se sigue el orden: MM/DD/AAAA . Este formato se utiliza tanto en la escritura numérica como en la forma extendida.

Numérico: 03/15/2024
Escrito: March 15, 2024
Formal: the 15th of March, 2024
Hablado: 'March fifteenth, twenty twenty-four'

1.2 Fechas en inglés británico (UK)

El formato británico sigue el orden: DD/MM/AAAA , tanto en forma numérica como escrita.

Numérico: 15/03/2024
Escrito: 15 March 2024
Formal: the 15th of March, 2024
Hablado: 'the fifteenth of March, twenty twenty-four'

2. Expresión de las fechas en inglés

2.1 Números ordinales en las fechas

Al escribir o decir fechas, se utilizan números ordinales para el día. Los sufijos son: -st (1st, 21st, 31st), -nd (2nd, 22nd), -rd (3rd, 23rd), y -th para el resto.

1st May (the first of May)
2nd June (the second of June)
3rd July (the third of July)
4th August (the fourth of August)
11th September (the eleventh of September)
21st October (the twenty-first of October)
22nd November (the twenty-second of November)
23rd December (the twenty-third of December)

2.2 Meses y años

Los meses siempre se escriben con mayúscula inicial. Los años se pueden decir de diferentes formas:

1984: 'nineteen eighty-four' o 'one thousand nine hundred and eighty-four'
2000: 'two thousand'
2001: 'two thousand and one' o 'twenty oh one'
2024: 'twenty twenty-four' o 'two thousand and twenty-four'

3. Diferencias y particularidades

3.1 Preposiciones en fechas

El uso de preposiciones varía según el contexto: on para días específicos, in para meses y años, y at para momentos específicos.

on Tuesday
on the 15th of March
in March
in 2024
at Christmas
at noon on July 4th

3.2 Abreviaturas y formas cortas

En contextos informales o por espacio, se pueden usar abreviaturas:

Jan. (January), Feb. (February), etc.
Mon. (Monday), Tue. (Tuesday), etc.
'80s (1980s)
9/11 (September 11, especialmente en EE.UU.)

4. Casos especiales y excepciones

4.1 Fechas históricas y conmemorativas

Algunas fechas tienen nombres especiales o se expresan de manera particular:

the Fourth of July (US Independence Day, always written out)
D-Day (June 6, 1944)
9/11 (September 11, 2001, especially in the US)
V-E Day (Victory in Europe Day, May 8, 1945)

4.2 Rangos de fechas

Para expresar rangos de fechas, se usan diferentes construcciones:

from May 1st to May 5th, 2024
May 1st-5th, 2024
between June and August
during the 1990s
from 2020 to 2025

4.3 Fechas en contextos formales e informales

El nivel de formalidad puede afectar cómo se expresa una fecha:

Formal (US): July 4, 1776
Formal (UK): 4 July 1776
Informal: 7/4/76 (US) or 4/7/76 (UK)
Very formal: the fourth day of July in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and seventy-six

5. Expresión de años anteriores al 1000 y posteriores al 2000

5.1 Años anteriores al 1000

Para años anteriores al 1000, se usan diferentes formas dependiendo del contexto y la precisión necesaria:

45 BC: 'forty-five BC' o 'forty-five before Christ'
500 AD: 'five hundred AD' o 'five hundred Anno Domini'
33 CE: 'thirty-three CE' o 'thirty-three Common Era'
872: 'eight seventy-two' o 'eight hundred and seventy-two'

En contextos históricos o académicos, se pueden usar términos específicos:

The 5th century BC: 'the fifth century before Christ'
The 3rd century AD: 'the third century Anno Domini'
The 1st millennium: 'the first millennium'

5.2 Años posteriores al 2000

Para años posteriores al 2000, existen varias formas aceptadas tanto en inglés americano como británico:

2001: 'two thousand and one' (UK/US) o 'twenty oh one' (más común en US)
2010: 'two thousand and ten' o 'twenty ten'
2015: 'two thousand and fifteen' o 'twenty fifteen'
2020: 'two thousand and twenty' o 'twenty twenty'
2100: 'two thousand one hundred' o 'twenty-one hundred'

Para años futuros, se siguen patrones similares:

2525: 'twenty-five twenty-five' o 'two thousand five hundred and twenty-five'
3000: 'three thousand'
3001: 'three thousand and one' o 'thirty oh one'

5.3 Diferencias entre inglés americano y británico

Las diferencias principales se encuentran en el uso de 'and' en números grandes:

UK: 'two thousand and one' (2001)
US: 'two thousand one' (2001) - aunque 'and' también se usa
UK: 'one thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine' (1999)
US: 'one thousand nine hundred ninety-nine' (1999) - 'and' es opcional

5.4 Años en contextos específicos

En ciertos contextos, la forma de expresar el año puede variar:

Académico: 'The study was conducted in two thousand and twenty-one'
Informal: 'I graduated back in oh-five' (2005)
Futurista: 'By twenty-two fifty, we expect to have colonies on Mars'
Histórico: 'The Declaration of Independence was signed in seventeen seventy-six'

Frases

Avanzado

Frase

Traducciones

1. Colón llegó a América el 12 de octubre de 1492

Columbus arrived in America on October twelfth, fourteen ninety-two

Columbus got to America on October twelfth, fourteen ninety-two

Columbus reached America on October twelfth, fourteen ninety-two

2. El final del torneo es el 25 de junio de 2025

The tournament ends on June twenty-fifth, twenty twenty-five

The tournament finishes on June twenty-fifth, twenty twenty-five

The tournament's final is on June twenty-fifth, twenty twenty-five

3. El ser humano aterrizó en la luna el 21 de julio de 1969

Humankind landed on the moon on July twenty-first, nineteen sixty-nine

Humans arrived on the moon on July twenty-first, nineteen sixty-nine

Mankind reached the moon on July twenty-first, nineteen sixty-nine

4. Pablo nació El 29 de diciembre de 2016

Pablo was born on December twenty-ninth, twenty sixteen

Pablo came into the world on December twenty-ninth, twenty sixteen

Pablo was born on December twenty-ninth, twenty sixteen

5. Edison inventó la bombilla el 21 de octubre de 1879

Edison invented the lightbulb on October twenty-first, eighteen seventy-nine

Edison created the lightbulb on October twenty-first, eighteen seventy-nine

Edison came up with the lightbulb on October twenty-first, eighteen seventy-nine

6. El 22 de febrero de 2030 tengo cita con el médico

I have a doctor's appointment on February twenty-second, twenty thirty

I have a medical appointment on February twenty-second, twenty thirty

I have an appointment with the doctor on February twenty-second, twenty thirty

7. El terremoto fue el 11 de marzo de 1800

The earthquake happened on March eleventh, eighteen hundred

The earthquake occurred on March eleventh, eighteen hundred

The earthquake took place on March eleventh, eighteen hundred

8. Mi primera carrera fue el 3 de septiembre de 1999

My first race was on September third, nineteen ninety-nine

My first run happened on September third, nineteen ninety-nine

I had my first race on September third, nineteen ninety-nine

9. Fecha estelar, 19 de enero de 3097

Stardate, January nineteenth, three thousand ninety-seven

10. El 23 de marzo del 796 ocurrió hace muchos años

March twenty-third, seven ninety-six happened many years ago

March twenty-third, seven ninety-six was a long time ago

March twenty-third, seven ninety-six occurred a long time ago

11. Laika fue al espacio el 3 de noviembre de 1957

Laika went into space on the third of November, nineteen fifty-seven

Laika traveled to space on the third of November, nineteen fifty-seven

Laika was sent into space on the third of November, nineteen fifty-seven

12. Me convertí en padre el 31 de marzo de 2020

I became a father on the thirty-first of March, two thousand and twenty

I became a dad on the thirty-first of March, two thousand and twenty

I became a father on March the thirty-first, two thousand and twenty

13. Bill Gates fundó Microsoft el 4 de abril de 1975

Bill Gates founded Microsoft on the fourth of April, nineteen seventy-five

Bill Gates created Microsoft on the fourth of April, nineteen seventy-five

Bill Gates started Microsoft on the fourth of April, nineteen seventy-five

14. Harry Potter fue publicado el 26 de junio de 1997

Harry Potter was published on the twenty-sixth of June, nineteen ninety-seven

Harry Potter came out on the twenty-sixth of June, nineteen ninety-seven

Harry Potter was released on the twenty-sixth of June, nineteen ninety-seven

15. Me lesioné el 29 de febrero de 2004

I got injured on the twenty-ninth of February, two thousand four

I hurt myself on the twenty-ninth of February, two thousand four

I got hurt on the twenty-ninth of February, two thousand four

16. Einstein nació el 14 de marzo de 1879

Einstein was born on the fourteenth of March, eighteen seventy-nine

Einstein came into the world on the fourteenth of March, eighteen seventy-nine

Einstein was born on the fourteenth of March, eighteen seventy-nine

17. El 28 de septiembre de 1928 Fleming descubrió la penicilina

Fleming discovered penicillin on the twenty-eighth of September, nineteen twenty-eight

Fleming found penicillin on the twenty-eighth of September, nineteen twenty-eight

Fleming came across penicillin on the twenty-eighth of September, nineteen twenty-eight

18. El polo sur se alcanzó el 14 de diciembre de 1911

The South Pole was reached on the fourteenth of December, nineteen eleven

They arrived at the South Pole on the fourteenth of December, nineteen eleven

The South Pole was attained on the fourteenth of December, nineteen eleven

19. El Everest se subió el 29 de mayo de 1953

Everest was climbed on the twenty-ninth of May, nineteen fifty-three

Everest was reached on the twenty-ninth of May, nineteen fifty-three

Everest was summited on the twenty-ninth of May, nineteen fifty-three

20. Skynet tomó conciencia de sí misma el 29 de agosto de 1997

Skynet became self-aware on the twenty-ninth of August, nineteen ninety-seven

Skynet became conscious on the twenty-ninth of August, nineteen ninety-seven

Skynet woke up on the twenty-ninth of August, nineteen ninety-seven

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